PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

8039-09-6, 61790-81-6

H.S. CODE

TOXICITY

CLASSIFICATION

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

yellow solid

Decomposes

AUTOIGNITION

NFPA RATINGS

REFRACTIVE INDEX

Stable under ordinary conditions.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Polyethylene glycol is a condensation polymers of ethylene oxide and water with the general formula H(OCH₂CH₂)_nOH, where n is the average number of repeating oxyethylene groups typically from 4 to about 180. The low molecular weight members from n=2 to n=4 are diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol respectively, which are produced as pure compounds. The low molecular weight compounds upto 700 are colorless, odorless viscous liquids with a freezing point from -10 C (diethylene gycol), while polymerized compounds with higher molecular weight than 1,000 are waxlike solids with melting point upto 67 C for n 180. The abbreviation (PEG) is termed in combination with a numeric suffix which indicates the average molecular weights. One common feature of PEG appears to be the water-soluble. It is soluble also in many organic solvents including aromatic hydrocarbons (not aliphatics).  They are used to make emulsifying agents and detergents, and as plasticizers, humectants, and water-soluble textile lubricants.Polyethylene glycol is non-toxic, odorless, neutral, lubricating, nonvolatile and nonirritating and is used in a variety of pharmaceuticals and in medications as a solven, dispensing agent, ointment and suppository bases, vehicle, and tablet excipient. Lipophilic compounds are ethoxylated ethylene oxide (the monomer of polyglycols) so that the target compounds have hydrophilic (soluble in water). The bifunctionality in one molecule provides the basic properties of surfactants. Fatty acids rather lipophilic (or hydrophobic) exhibiting low HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) values; having an affinity for, tending to combine with, or capable of dissolving in lipids (or water-insoluble). While, the ethoxylated fatty acids are hydrophilics exhibiting high HLB values; having an affinity for water; readily absorbing or dissolving in water. The type of fatty acid and the mole number of ethylene oxide provides diverse HLB values for proper applications. There are almost infinite ethoxylated compounds. In combination with the average molecular weights and water-soluble property of PEG, the wide range of chain lengths of fatty acids provide identical physical and chemical properties for the proper application selections directly or indirectly.

• HLB numbers describe following characterestics:
• <10 : Lipid soluble (or water-insoluble)
• >10 : Water Soluble
• 4-8 : Antifoaming
• 7-11 : Water-in-oil emulsion
• 12-16 : Oil-in-water emulsion
• 11-14 : Good Wetting
• 12-15 : Good detergency
• 16-20 : Stabilizing
• HLB values of fatty acid compounds are:

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Esters are non-toxic and non-irriting nonionic emulsifiers. They are prepared by the esterification of fatty acids with polyethylene glycols. The low molecular weight ranging PEG Esters are oil-soluble to work in nonaqueous systems. The high molecular esters are water-soluble can be used in aqueous systems. Polyethylene Glycol Esters are used as emulsifiers and in formulating emulsifer blends, thickener, resin plasticizer, emollient, opacifier, spreading agent, wetting and dispersing agent, and viscosity control agents. They also have application in the metalworking, pulp, paper, textile and as defoamers for latex paints.

PEG 75 LANOLIN

APPEARANCE

Amber to brown liquid

ACID VALUE

1.0 max

SAP VALUE

10 max

WATER

49.0 - 51.0%

COLOR

10 max, Gardner

Nonionic surfactants are surface active agents which do not dissociate into ions in aqueous solutions, unlike anionic surfactants which have a negative charge and cationic surfactants which have a positive charge in aqueous solution. Nonionic surfactants are more widely used as detergents than ionic surfactants because anionic surfactants are insoluble in many hard water and cationic surfactants are considered to be poor cleaners. In addition to detergency, nonionic surfactants show excellent solvency, low foam properties and chemical stability. It is thought that nonionic surfactants are mild on the skin even at high loadings and long-term exposure. The hydrophilic group of nonionic surfactants is a polymerized alkene oxide (water soluble polyether with 10 to 100 units length typically). They are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide in the same molecule. Depending on the ratio and order of oxide addition, together with the number of carbon atoms which vary the chemical and physical properties, nonionic surfactant is used as a wetting agent, a detergent, or an emulsifier. Nonionic surfactants include alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, phenol ethoxylates, amide ethoxylates, glyceride ethoxylates (soya bean oil and caster oil ethoxylates), fatty acid ethoxylates, and fatty amine ethoxylates. Another commercially significant nonionic surfactants are the alkyl glycosides in which the hydrophilic groups are sugars (polysaccharides).